Danjo Garan Complex d㉾

Okunoin and Danjo Garan are considered the most sacred areas of Koyasan.
The name Garan is derived from Sanskrit, and means a quiet and secluded place where Buddhist monks may train.
The Garan is where Kobo Daishi actually began construction himself in the early years of Koyasanfs history.
In 819 the guards, Niutsuhime and Karibamyojin were enshrined here.
In addition the construction of Great Stupa, the golden hall and many other buildings had begun during Kobo Daishfs lifetime.
The path leading to the Danjo Garan from the east is illuminated at night, and in autumn the maple leaves here are beautiful.






The differences between Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism (Mikkyo) :

Buddhism

Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) in the 5th century BCE in India, focuses on the following core teachings and practices:

  1. Four Noble Truths: These truths outline the nature of suffering (dukkha), its cause (samudaya), its cessation (nirodha), and the path leading to its cessation (magga).
  2. Eightfold Path: A guide for ethical and mental development, including right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.
  3. Three Jewels: The Buddha (the enlightened one), the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community).
  4. Rebirth and Karma: The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara) influenced by one's actions (karma).
  5. Nirvana: The ultimate goal, representing the liberation from the cycle of rebirth and the cessation of all suffering.

Esoteric Buddhism (Mikkyo)

Esoteric Buddhism, particularly prominent in the Shingon and Tendai sects in Japan, incorporates more secretive and ritualistic elements. Key aspects include:

  1. Three Mysteries: The practices of body (mudras, or symbolic hand gestures), speech (mantras, or sacred chants), and mind (mandalas, or symbolic visualizations and meditations) to achieve enlightenment.
  2. Mandala: Sacred diagrams representing the enlightened universe, used as tools for meditation and visualization.
  3. Goma Ritual: A fire ceremony where offerings are burned to symbolize the purification of mind and body and the removal of obstacles.
  4. Secret Transmission: Teachings and rituals are passed down orally from master to disciple in a highly secretive manner.
  5. Sokushin J?butsu: The concept of attaining Buddhahood in one's current lifetime through specific esoteric practices.

Main Differences

  1. Transmission of Teachings:

  2. Rituals and Practices:

  3. Approach to Enlightenment:

  4. Concept of Enlightenment:

In summary, while both Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism share the same foundational goals of achieving enlightenment and liberation from suffering, Esoteric Buddhism incorporates more elaborate rituals, secretive teachings, and a focus on achieving enlightenment in the present life through specific, symbolic practices.

The Taizokai Mandala and the Kongokai Mandala of Shingon Buddhism:

Taizokai Mandala (Womb World Mandala)

The Taizokai Mandala, also known as the Womb World Mandala, represents the physical world and the cosmos from the perspective of compassion and enlightenment. It is associated with the principle of "Dainichi Nyorai" (Mahavairocana Buddha), who embodies the universal truth. This mandala is divided into multiple sections, each containing various deities and bodhisattvas, symbolizing different aspects of spiritual wisdom and compassion. The central figure is Dainichi Nyorai, surrounded by other enlightened beings, illustrating the interconnectedness of all things and the potential for all beings to achieve enlightenment.

Kongokai Mandala (Diamond World Mandala)

The Kongokai Mandala, also known as the Diamond World Mandala, represents the spiritual and indestructible nature of enlightenment. It emphasizes the power and wisdom needed to achieve enlightenment. The central figure in this mandala is also Dainichi Nyorai, but in this context, he represents the unchanging, eternal truth. The mandala is arranged in a highly symmetrical and geometric pattern, symbolizing the clarity and precision of the enlightened mind. The deities in this mandala are associated with different forms of wisdom and power, reflecting the path of rigorous practice and insight.

How They Are Used

Both mandalas are used in Shingon Buddhism to aid meditation and visualization practices. Practitioners focus on the detailed images and symbolism within the mandalas to deepen their understanding of Buddhist teachings and to progress on their path to enlightenment. These mandalas serve as maps of the spiritual universe, guiding practitioners through different stages of spiritual development.

In summary:

Both mandalas complement each other, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding and achieving enlightenment in Shingon Buddhism.


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